MAIN PIGMENTARY CHANGES IN NEWBORN

Abstract

Introduction: Pigmentary alterations are commonly observed in newborns (NBs) due to the immaturity of the epidermis, which is thinner and has reduced skin barrier efficiency, in addition to the still incomplete development of sebaceous and sweat glands. These factors make neonatal skin more susceptible to lesions and irritation. Objective: To describe the main pigmentary alterations in newborns, addressing their clinical and epidemiological aspects, with emphasis on the importance of accurate recognition of these lesions. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. A total of 20 articles were selected based on previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The main pigmentary alterations identified were Mongolian spots, congenital melanocytic nevi, and café-au-lait macules. Most of these lesions are benign and transient; however, some may be associated with specific clinical conditions, requiring careful evaluation. Conclusion: Adequate knowledge of pigmentary alterations in neonates is essential for clinical practice, as it allows differentiation between benign manifestations and pathological conditions, enabling early diagnosis and intervention when necessary. Furthermore, it contributes to proper guidance for caregivers and reduces unnecessary interventions, promoting safer and more effective neonatal care.