Neonatal Jaundice: Treatment Approaches for Hyperbilirubinemia in Newborns - An Integrative Review

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice, a condition characterized by the yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes in newborns due to excessive serum bilirubin in the body, requires close attention and care due to its high toxicity. Objective: To understand the different treatment approaches for hyperbilirubinemia in newborns (NBs). Methods: This is an integrative review based on a literature search in the SciELO and PubMed databases, with the inclusion criteria being: original articles, freely available, and published in the last 5 years (2019-2024). Articles that did not meet the previously described inclusion criteria or the guiding question were excluded. Results: Several therapeutic alternatives for treating hyperbilirubinemic neonates were analyzed. The use of substances such as zinc salts and microorganisms like Saccharomyces boulardii was observed, as well as the use of infrared filters to reduce hyperthermia, dehydration, and burns in neonates. Cyclical phototherapy was identified as a protective factor against neurodevelopmental impairment. Other techniques, such as massage therapy and delayed umbilical cord clamping, were also discussed. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there are numerous treatment approaches for hyperbilirubinemia in newborns, which not only enhance the effect of phototherapy but also reduce exposure to radiation and hospitalization.