ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BMI, HYPERTENSION, AND DIABETES IN THE ADULT POPULATION OF GOIÁS

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by excess body fat, often assessed by the Body Mass Index (BMI). With the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, this condition has been associated with chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes diabestes mellitus (T2MD) and hypertension. Objective: To analyze the association between nutritional profile and the occurrence of hypertension and diabetes in adults in the state of Goiás, based on data from 2019. Methodology: This is an observational, retrospective, and analytical study based on data from the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (SISVAN) and the Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), both from 2019. The analysis involved categorizing nutritional status through BMI and the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, using simple linear regression to determine the associations. The sample included 295,210 individuals. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 1,228.1 cases, with 45.03% in males and 54.96% in females. The prevalence of diabetes was 389,418 cases, with 38.52% in men and 61.48% in women. The analysis showed a strong correlation between BMI and both conditions: hypertension (R² = 0.999 for men and 0.998 for women) and diabetes (R² = 0.980 for men and 0.905 for women). Additionally, the prevalence of these diseases increased as the average BMI increased. Conclusion: Obesity has a direct correlation with the increased prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in Goiás. Interventions  aimed at reducing BMI are essential to lower the risks of these chronic conditions.